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NOS3 — TNF
Text-mined interactions from Literome
Saura et al., J Mol Biol 1999
:
We investigated the molecular mechanism for the synergistic
induction of inducible
nitric oxide synthase transcription by
TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma
Sánchez de Miguel et al., J Vasc Res 1999
:
In addition,
TNF-alpha reduced
eNOS mRNA levels and this was prevented by coincubation with cycloheximide
Cain et al., Crit Care Med 1999
(Cardiomyopathies...) :
We hypothesized the following : a ) TNF-alpha and IL-1beta directly depress human myocardial function ; b ) together,
TNF-alpha and IL-1beta
act synergistically to depress human myocardial function ; and c ) inhibition of ceramidase or
nitric oxide synthase attenuates myocardial depression induced by TNF-alpha or IL-1beta by limiting proximal cytokine signaling or production of myocardial nitric oxide ( NO )
Akama et al., J Biol Chem 2000
:
Beta-amyloid stimulation of inducible
nitric-oxide synthase in astrocytes is interleukin-1beta- and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) dependent , and involves a TNFalpha receptor associated factor- and NFkappaB inducing kinase dependent signaling mechanism
Däubener et al., Adv Exp Med Biol 1999
:
We were able to show that the IL-1 and
TNF-alpha mediated inhibition of IFN-gamma induced IDO activity in uroepithelial cells is
due to stimulation of inducible
nitric oxide synthase
Chung et al., Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2000
:
Protein kinase C independent
activation of inducible
nitric oxide synthase by
tumor necrosis factor-alpha in TM4 Sertoli cells
Wang et al., J Biol Chem 2000
:
Here we show that
eNOS regulates
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through a mechanism dependent on the production of O ( 2 ) and completely independent of NO ... Expression of
eNOS in transfected U937 cells
increased phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced
TNFalpha promoter activity and TNFalpha production
Vann et al., J Biol Chem 2000
:
Divergence in
regulation of
nitric-oxide synthase and its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Yamaoka et al., Arch Dermatol Res 2000
:
Ultraviolet B radiation downregulates inducible
nitric oxide synthase expression
induced by interferon-gamma or
tumor necrosis factor-alpha in murine keratinocyte Pam 212 cells
Morikawa et al., Infect Immun 2000
:
The differential
regulation of
cNOS- and iNOS mediated NO production by IFN-gamma,
TNF-alpha , and LPS is discussed
Combs et al., J Neurosci 2001
(Alzheimer Disease...) :
beta-Amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in
TNFalpha dependent expression of inducible
nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis
González-Fernández et al., Atherosclerosis 2001
:
Cerivastatin prevents
tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced downregulation of endothelial
nitric oxide synthase : role of endothelial cytosolic proteins ... The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of cerivastatin, a novel HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, on
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced downregulation of
eNOS protein expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAEC ) ... Cerivastatin prevented
TNF-alpha induced downregulation of
eNOS protein expression in a concentration dependent manner ( 10 ( -8 ) to 10 ( -5 ) M )
Ochoa et al., Ann Surg 2001
(Wounds and Injuries) :
In contrast,
nitric oxide synthase expression is
induced by IL-1,
tumor necrosis factor , and gamma interferon, a T-helper 1 cytokine profile
Paludan et al., Eur Cytokine Netw 2001
:
Interferon (IFN)-gamma and Herpes simplex
virus/tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically
induce nitric oxide synthase 2 in macrophages through cooperative action of nuclear factor-kappa B and IFN regulatory factor-1
Sekine et al., Endocrinology 2001
:
This action of GH may be sufficient to suppress the synergistic
induction of inducible
nitric oxide synthase by interferon-gamma and
TNFalpha , thereby preventing the cytotoxicity to beta-cells
Kawanaka et al., Hepatology 2002
(Hypertension, Portal) :
Activation of
eNOS in rat portal hypertensive gastric mucosa is
mediated by
TNF-alpha via the PI 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway ... In PHT gastric mucosa we studied ( 1 )
eNOS phosphorylation ( at serine 1177 ) required for its activation ; ( 2 ) association of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI 3-kinase ), and its downstream effector Akt, with eNOS ; and, ( 3 ) whether
TNF-alpha neutralization
affects eNOS phosphorylation and PI 3-kinase-Akt activation ... To determine human relevance, we used human microvascular endothelial cells to examine directly whether
TNF-alpha stimulates
eNOS phosphorylation via PI 3-kinase ... Furthermore,
TNF-alpha stimulated
eNOS phosphorylation in human microvascular endothelial cells ... In conclusion, these findings show that in PHT gastric mucosa,
TNF-alpha stimulates
eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 ( required for its activation ) via the PI 3-kinase-Akt signal transduction pathway
Gayle et al., Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2002
(Encephalitis...) :
Inhibition of the inducible form of
nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) by L-NIL did not affect LPS toxicity, but
increased the LPS induced levels of both
TNF-alpha and IL-1beta
Thomas et al., Pancreas 2002
(Adenocarcinoma...) :
Further, inhibition of
nitric oxide ( NO ) synthase by L-NAME
potentiated the
TNF-alpha response, suggesting a protective role for endogenously produced NO in these two cell lines
Aljada et al., Metabolism 2002
:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits insulin induced increase in endothelial
nitric oxide synthase and reduces insulin receptor content and phosphorylation in human aortic endothelial cells ... Because tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a ) is proinflammatory and may thus inhibit the action of insulin at the endothelial cell level, we have now investigated whether
TNF-a affects ( 1 ) insulin receptor content ; ( 2 ) insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation induced by insulin, and ( 3 )
e-NOS expression by the endothelial cells ...
TNF-alpha ( 1 to 5 ng/mL )
caused e-NOS inhibition in a dose dependent fashion as measured by Western blotting ... Although the inhibition of IR autophosphorylation by TNF-alpha is known to occur at the adipocyte level, the data on the inhibitory
effect of
TNF-alpha on insulin induced
e-NOS expression and IRP contents are novel
Ribeiro et al., J Urol 2002
(Cystitis...) :
The induction of inducible
nitric oxide synthase in the urothelium appears to
depend on the synergistic effect of IL-1beta and
TNF-alpha
Fecker et al., J Invest Dermatol 2002
(Breast Neoplasms...) :
Inducible
nitric oxide synthase is expressed in normal human melanocytes but not in melanoma cells in
response to
tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interferon-gamma, and lipopolysaccharide
Barsacchi et al., Mol Pharmacol 2003
:
Activation of endothelial
nitric-oxide synthase by
tumor necrosis factor-alpha : a novel pathway involving sequential activation of neutral sphingomyelinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 ' kinase, and Akt ... We have recently reported that
eNOS , expressed in an inducible HeLa Tet-off cell line, is
activated by
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a previously undescribed pathway that involves the lipid messenger ceramide ... We report here that
eNOS activation in
response to
TNF-alpha correlated with phosphorylation of Akt at Ser 473 and of eNOS itself at Ser 1179 ... Taken together, these results indicate that
eNOS activation by
TNF-alpha occurs through sequential activation of neutral sphingomyelinase and of the phosphatidylinositol-3 ' kinase/Akt pathway
Frost et al., Endocrinology 2003
:
TNF alpha increased both
nitric oxide synthase-II mRNA and protein, and the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside decreased IGF-I mRNA levels in C2C12 cells
Gottstein et al., Br J Nutr 2003
(Arteriosclerosis) :
In a macrophage cell line ( RAW 264.7 ) activated with interferon gamma plus lipopolysaccharide, both isoflavones were found to
inhibit NO production and
tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion dose-dependently, but they did not affect mRNA levels for inducible
nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2
Fonseca et al., Eur J Immunol 2003
(Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous) :
TNF-alpha mediates the induction of
nitric oxide synthase in macrophages but not in neutrophils in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis
Paz et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2003
(Disease Models, Animal...) :
Effect of
tumor necrosis factor-alpha on endothelial and inducible
nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid expression and nitric oxide synthesis in ischemic and nonischemic isolated rat heart
Neumann et al., Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004
:
TNF-alpha induces a decrease in
eNOS promoter activity ... Truncated-promoter analysis indicated the response elements ( -370 ) CACCC, ( -231 ) GATA, and ( -186 ) CACCC may regulate the
effect of
TNF-alpha on the
eNOS promoter ... Our data indicate
TNF causes a decrease in
eNOS promoter activity that may be mediated by GATA-4 and Sp3
Mocellin et al., Clin Cancer Res 2004
(Melanoma...) :
We investigated the
role of endothelial
nitric oxide synthase in determining the tumor-selective activity of
TNF
Tanaka et al., Free Radic Biol Med 2005
:
Similarly, DEM and CDNB inhibited
TNF-alpha induced Akt and
eNOS phosphorylation, suggesting that thiol modification is involved in eNOS inductive pathways
Ortega-Gutiérrez et al., FASEB J 2005
(Multiple Sclerosis) :
Additionally, in microglial cells, UCM707 decreases the production of the proinflammatory cytokines
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 ;
reduces nitric oxide levels and inducible
nitric oxide synthase expression ; and is able to potentiate the action of a subeffective dose of the endocannabinoid anandamide
de Souza et al., Mol Cell Biochem 2006
:
Both
TNF-alpha and inosine
increased nitrite accumulation and
nitric oxide synthase activity ... Erythro-9- ( 2-hydroxy-3-nonyl ) adenine ( EHNA ), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, abolished the
TNF-alpha induced inosine increase, nitrite accumulation and
nitric oxide synthase activity
Dekker et al., Blood 2006
:
Protein levels for thrombomodulin, endothelial
nitric oxide synthase , and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 are altered to atheroprotective levels, even in the
presence of the inflammatory cytokine
TNF-alpha
Seidel et al., Kardiol Pol 2006
(Cardiovascular Diseases) :
As for proinflammatory cytokines, both
TNF-alpha and IL-1beta substantially
down-regulated the
eNOS mRNA level ( p < 0.05 )
Elahi et al., Exp Clin Transplant 2006
(Vascular Diseases) :
The
role of
tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mediating pathophysiological activity of inducible
nitric oxide synthase during transplant vasculopathy remains contentious
van Thienen et al., Cardiovasc Res 2006
(Atherosclerosis...) :
We demonstrate that prolonged shear stress has a potential that is superior to that of statins to induce the KLF2 dependent expression of
eNOS and TM, especially in the
presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
Yang et al., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007
:
TNF-alpha also
induced nitric oxide production through activation of
endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) present in the same membrane compartment
Zamorano-León et al., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006
:
TNF-alpha ( 10 ng/mL )
reduced the expression of
eNOS protein
Skorokhod et al., Malaria journal 2007
(Malaria) :
Malarial pigment haemozoin, IFN-gamma,
TNF-alpha , IL-1beta and LPS do not
stimulate expression of inducible
nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide in immuno purified human monocytes
Arai et al., Acta Otolaryngol 2008
:
Induction of inducible
nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis by LPS and
TNF-alpha in nasal microvascular endothelial cells
De Palma et al., J Neurochem 2008
(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis...) :
We found that
eNOS , which is endogenously expressed by these cells, was
activated by
tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) , a proinflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in ALS2 and several neurodegenerative diseases ... The
TNF-alpha dependent
eNOS activation occurred through generation, by sphingosine-kinase-1, of sphingosine-1-phosphate, stimulation of its membrane receptors and activation of Akt, as determined using small interference RNA and dominant negative constructs specific for the enzymes and receptors ...
eNOS activation by
TNF-alpha conferred cytoprotection from excitotoxicity and neurotoxic cues such as reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage, and mutated alsin itself
Henrich et al., Microcirculation 2008
(Disease Models, Animal...) :
In the non-parenchymal cell fraction,
eNOS gene expression was preserved and gene expression of
TNF-alpha was
blocked after MDP but not after GdCl ( 3 ) application prior to LPS shock
Yan et al., Circ Res 2008
:
Furthermore, adenovirus mediated overexpression of eEF1A1 increased eNOS mRNA instability, whereas knockdown of eEF1A1 substantially attenuated
TNF-alpha induced destabilization of eNOS mRNA and downregulation of
eNOS expression in HUVECs ... These results indicate that eEF1A1 is a novel eNOS 3'-UTR binding protein that plays a critical role in mediating
TNF-alpha induced decrease in
eNOS mRNA stability
Eisenreich et al., Biol Chem 2008
:
We found that inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I, but not Cdc2-like kinases, prevents the
TNF-alpha induced increase in
eNOS isoform expression and NO reduction in HUVEC ... Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that DNA topoisomerase I but not Cdc2-like kinases serves as an important regulator of the differential eNOS isoform expression in endothelial cells, thereby modulating the
TNF-alpha induced
eNOS activity switch
Xu et al., Stem Cells 2009
:
C/EBPbeta knockdown also inhibited the synergistic expression of CXCL1, inducible
nitric oxide synthase , and CCL5 in
response to concomitant IFNgamma and
TNFalpha
Ding et al., J Immunol 2009
(Shock, Septic...) :
TNF-alpha knockout mice
prevented LPS induced
eNOS down-regulation
Jiang et al., Cardiovasc Res 2010
:
HIV gp120 and
TNF-alpha synergistically
reduce eNOS expression and cause endothelial dysfunction in both porcine coronary arteries and HCAECs
Tsou et al., J Cell Biochem 2010
:
Integrin linked kinase is involved in
TNF-alpha induced inducible
nitric-oxide synthase expression in myoblasts
Harada et al., Cell Death Differ 2010
(Disease Models, Animal...) :
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced activation of p38 MAPK and the production of inducible
nitric oxide synthase were suppressed in ASK1-deficient Müller glial cells
Zemse et al., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010
:
Western blot analysis showed that
endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was
reduced by
TNF-a in in vitro and in vivo experiments, whereas IL-10 restored the eNOS expression
Zhang et al., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010
(Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2...) :
This improvement is due to the role of resveratrol in inhibiting
TNF-a induced NF-?B activation, therefore subsequently
inhibiting the expression and activation of NAD ( P ) H oxidase and iNOS as well as increasing
eNOS expression in type 2 diabetes
Zhao et al., Mol Biol Rep 2012
(Glomerulonephritis) :
Aldose reductase regulates
TNF-a induced inducible
nitric oxide synthase expression in human mesangial cells
Cheung et al., J Clin Invest 2011
(Disease Models, Animal...) :
Surprisingly, MDL-1 induced NO and
TNF-a production
required eNOS but not iNOS
Ramseyer et al., Hypertension 2012
:
However, the
effects of
TNF-a on THAL
NOS3 and the signaling cascade are unknown ... Inhibition of Rho GTPase with 0.05 µg/mL of C3 exoenzyme blocked
TNF-a induced reductions in
NOS3 expression by 30 ± 8 % ( P < 0.02 ) ... Inhibition of ROCK with 10 µmol/L of H-1152 blocked
TNF-a induced decreases in
NOS3 expression by 66 ± 15 % ( P < 0.001 ) ... Myosin light chain kinase, NO, protein kinase C, mitogen activated kinase kinase, c-Jun amino terminal kinases, and Rac-1 were also not involved in
TNF-a induced decreases in
NOS3 expression
Pan et al., Respir Res 2012
(Acute Lung Injury...) :
Compared with MV group, LV group significantly reduced LPS induced expression of ET-1 level ( 113.79 ± 7.33pg/mL vs. 152.52 ± 12.75pg/mL, P < 0.05 ) and
TNF-a ( 3305.09 ± 334.29pg/mL vs.4144.07 ± 608.21pg/mL, P < 0.05 ),
increased the expression of
eNOS ( IOD : 15032.05 ± 5925.07 vs. 11454.32 ± 6035.47, P < 0.05 )
Sun et al., Hypertension 2012
:
Inhibition of miR-155 reversed
tumor necrosis factor-a induced downregulation of
eNOS expression and impairment of endothelium dependent vasorelaxation ... Moreover, we observed that simvastatin attenuated tumor necrosis factor-a induced upregulation of miR-155 and ameliorated the
effects of
tumor necrosis factor-a on
eNOS expression and endothelium dependent vasodilation
Wang et al., Sleep Med 2013
(Anoxia...) :
NF-?B p50 gene deletion blocked NF-?B activation,
inhibited TNF-a expression, prevented
eNOS down-regulation and reversed the impaired endothelium dependent vasodepressor response induced by CIH
Arita et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013
(Diabetic Angiopathies...) :
TNF-a induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) and
endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation were measured with and without ROCK inhibition by fasudil or ROCK-specific small interfering RNA ( siRNA )
Ning et al., PloS one 2013
(Inflammation...) :
In addition, NaHS treatment prevented the increase of nitric oxide, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ( ICAM-1 ) and interleukin (IL)-6 production and inducible
nitric oxide synthase activation
induced by
TNF-a
Yamada et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993
:
Nitric oxide and
nitric oxide synthase mRNA
induction in mouse islet cells by interferon-gamma plus
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Koide et al., Hypertension 1994
:
These findings suggest that interferon gamma directly
induces the expression of the inducible
nitric oxide synthase gene, whereas
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta induce it, at least in part, via the induction of intermediary protein ( s ), and that transforming growth factor-beta 1 inhibits cytokine induced nitric oxide production by blocking the posttranscriptional synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Marumo et al., Jpn J Pharmacol 1993
:
Dexamethasone inhibits
nitric oxide synthase mRNA
induction by interleukin-1 alpha and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vascular smooth muscle cells
Tsuji et al., Am J Pathol 1995
(Granuloma...) :
Thus, interleukin-1 alpha and inducible
nitric oxide synthase were
induced mostly in the cells accumulated around the beads and also in some bronchiolar epithelial cells during the early phase ( 1 to 3 days ), whereas
tumor necrosis factor-alpha was induced in the cells around the beads at the later resolution phase ( 3 to 7 days )
Yoshizumi et al., Circ Res 1993
:
TNF-alpha markedly
reduced cNOS mRNA levels in HUVECs in a dose- and time dependent manner ... As little as 0.1 ng/mL
TNF-alpha reduced
cNOS mRNA levels by 50 % ...
TNF induced reductions in
cNOS mRNA levels may have an important effect on impaired endothelium mediated vasorelaxation in atherosclerosis
Xie et al., Am Rev Respir Dis 1993
:
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) increases
nitric oxide ( NO ) synthase in vascular endothelium, but it inhibits endothelium dependent relaxation ( EDR ) of vascular smooth muscle
Förstermann et al., Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1995
:
TNF-alpha reduces the expression of
NOS III by a post-transcriptional mechanism destabilizing the mRNA
Dunger et al., Diabetes 1996
:
Used alone or in combination,
TNF and IFN significantly
enhanced the activity of inducible
nitric oxide synthase as determined by measuring the conversion of 14C labeled arginine to 14C labeled citrulline and nitric oxide
Geng et al., Cancer Res 1996
(Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute) :
Apoptotic death of human leukemic cells induced by vascular cells expressing
nitric oxide synthase in
response to gamma-interferon and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Manfield et al., Inflamm Res 1996
:
Here we show that in cultured bovine chondrocytes and explants of human osteoarthritic cartilage both
nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase activities were
induced by the inflammatory mediators, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-1 beta or
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Simper et al., Cardiovasc Res 1995
(Shock, Septic) :
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that
tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces the expression of vascular
nitric oxide ( NO ) synthase within hours and that NO released from smooth muscle cells could be involved in the pathogenesis of septic shock
Asano et al., Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995
:
All epithelial cells exhibited
constitutive NOS activity that was calcium dependent, and inducible, lesser calcium dependent activity in the
presence of interferon-gamma, interleukin-1 beta,
tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and lipopolysaccharide
Romero et al., Am J Physiol 1996
:
Roles of IL-1 and
TNF-alpha in endotoxin induced activation of
nitric oxide synthase in cultured rat brain cells
Zwaveling et al., Crit Care Med 1996
(Neoplasms...) :
The hypothesis that in humans,
TNF-alpha induces vasodilation and shock through activation of inducible
nitric-oxide synthase and subsequent formation of excessive quantities of nitric oxide is not substantiated by our results
Ogura et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997
(Neuroblastoma) :
TNF-alpha mediates inducible
nitric oxide synthase expression in human neuroblastoma cell line by cisplatin
Obregón et al., Eur J Neurosci 1997
(Brain Neoplasms...) :
The isoform of the
nitric oxide synthase induced in human neuroblastoma cells by
TNF-alpha treatment was identified enzymatically as isoform II by Western blotting and by the polymerase chain reaction
Gansauge et al., FEBS Lett 1997
:
Induction of inducible
nitric oxide synthase by
tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interferon-gamma and interleukin-1beta inhibited cell proliferation and led to a G1 arrest
Ohta et al., Hepatology 1998
(Hypertension, Portal) :
These results suggest that
TNF-alpha may
regulate NOS3 expression in the portal hypertensive stomach and that anti-TNF-alpha treatment may ameliorate the pathophysiological abnormalities of portal hypertensive gastric mucosa
Hoffmann et al., Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1998
:
Single stimulation of smooth muscle cells with either neopterin or
tumor necrosis factor-alpha caused inducible
nitric oxide synthase gene expression and nitric oxide production
Hoffmann et al., Eur J Pharmacol 1998
:
We show that G-CSF suppresses
interferon-gamma/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced inducible
nitric oxide synthase gene expression detected as inducible nitric oxide synthase cDNA ( cDNA concentration was 633 +/- 38 amol/microg total RNA following 24 h incubation with 100 U/ml interferon-gamma/500 U/ml TNF-alpha, and 440 +/- 14 amol/microg total RNA following 24 h incubation with 250 U/ml G-CSF +/- 100 U/ml interferon-gamma/500 U/ml TNF-alpha, respectively )
Ookawauchi et al., J Hepatol 1998
:
The
effect of
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma on L-arginine transport, mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporter and inducible
nitric oxide synthase , and nitric oxide production of stellate cells was assessed ... In transformed hepatic stellate cells,
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma have a crucial role in nitric oxide production, and extracellular L-arginine transport and inducible
nitric oxide synthase expression are
regulated in a differential cytokine-specific manner