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MMP13 — TNF

Text-mined interactions from Literome

Gallery et al., Microvasc Res 1999 (Pre-Eclampsia...) : Neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha nor transforming growth factor-beta, both thought to have significant roles in the control of placentation, affected MMP secretion
Meisser et al., Mol Hum Reprod 1999 : The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) , interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha), macrophage colony stimulating factor ( MCSF ) and transforming growth factor beta ( TGFbeta ) on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) , human chorionic gonadotrophin ( HCG ) and fetal fibronectin ( fFN ) by purified first trimester cytotrophoblastic cells (CTB) in vitro
Watari et al., Am J Pathol 1999 : TNF-alpha induced cathepsin S, MMP-1 , -3, and -9 mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner : the maximal effect was observed at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, with appreciable increases observed at concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 ng/ml
Conant et al., Ann Neurol 1999 (AIDS Dementia Complex) : We also examined the possibility that such MMPs could be produced by brain derived cells, and that MMP production by these cells might be increased by tumor necrosis factor-alpha , an inflammatory cytokine that is produced by HIV infected monocytes/microglia and is elevated in HIVD
Nakada-Tsukui et al., J Leukoc Biol 1999 : Although only hydroxamate matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) inhibitors inhibited the basal processing and release of TNF-alpha , the PMA induced processing and release of TNF-alpha were inhibited not only by MMP inhibitors but also by 1,10-phenanthroline, 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin ( 3,4-DCI ), iodoacetamide, and Nalpha-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone ( TPCK )
Johansson et al., J Cell Sci 2000 (Carcinoma, Squamous Cell) : Selective inhibition of p38 activity with SB 203580 abolished the enhancement of MMP-13 , as well as collagenase-1 ( MMP-1 ) and 92-kDa gelatinase ( MMP-9 ) expression by TNF-(alpha) and TGF- ( beta ) ... Blocking the ERK1, 2 pathway by PD 98059 had no effect on the induction of MMP-13 expression by TNF-(alpha) or TGF- ( beta ), but potently suppressed MMP-1 and MMP-9 production
Ala-aho et al., Oncogene 2000 (Cell Transformation, Neoplastic) : IFN-gamma abolished the enhancement of MMP-13 and MMP-1 expression by transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) , and inhibited invasion of A-5 cells through type I collagen
Chambaut-Guérin et al., J Neurochem 2000 (Neuroblastoma) : In contrast, MMP-9 was inducible by RA, TNFalpha , or PMA
Siwik et al., Circ Res 2000 : IL-1beta and TNF-alpha each increased total matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) activity as measured by in-gel zymography, causing specific increases in the bands corresponding to MMP-13, MMP-2, and MMP-9
Boström et al., Int J Cancer 2000 (Carcinoma, Transitional Cell...) : In these cell lines, TNF-alpha potently induced MMP-13 mRNA expression
Han et al., J Cell Sci 2001 : To investigate this observation at the cellular and molecular levels, we examined TNF-(alpha) mediated activation of pro-MMP-2, induction of MT1-MMP , and the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the proteinase in isolated human dermal fibroblasts
Schweyer et al., Virchows Arch 2000 (Gout) : These macrophages co-produce the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and two TNF-alpha inducible lytic enzymes, MMP-2 and MMP-9, suggesting that TNF-alpha may induce MMP production followed by matrix degradation within foreign body granulomas
Baram et al., J Immunol 2001 : MMP-9 release was first detected at 6 h and peaked at 22 h of incubation with activated T cell membranes, while TNF-alpha release peaked after only 6 h. Anti-TNF-alpha mAb inhibited the T cell membrane induced MMP-9 release, indicating a possible autocrine regulation of MMP release by mast cell TNF-alpha
Miyajima et al., Microb Pathog 2001 (Corneal Ulcer...) : Effects of pseudomonal virulence factors [ elastase, alkaline protease, exotoxin A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ], tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta on MMP induction and activation were further examined in vitro in rabbit corneal fibroblasts ( RCF ) and human fibrosarcoma ( HT1080 ) cells using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ), zymography and immunoblotting
Majka et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002 (Retinal Neovascularization) : Isolated RMVECs did not significantly increase MMP production directly in response to a hypoxic stimulus, but required the presence of exogenous TNFalpha ... TNFalpha increased the expression of MT1-MMP , MMP-3, and MMP-9 in these cells
Vincenti et al., Arthritis Res 2002 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid...) : Of these enzymes, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 is substantially increased in response to IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and elevated levels of these collagenases are observed in arthritic tissues
Nishikawa et al., J Periodontal Res 2002 : This study used reverse transcriptase-PCR to investigate the effects of TNFalpha on matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) mRNA expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts ... TNFalpha increased MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA levels in both a time dependent ( 0-24 h ) and a dose dependent ( 0.1-10 ng/ml ) manner ... Because elevation of COX-2 mRNA levels enhances the production of prostaglandins, we therefore investigated whether endogenous prostaglandins are involved in the MMP mRNA expression that is enhanced by TNFalpha
Domeij et al., Eur J Oral Sci 2002 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : In addition, MMP-1 and MMP-3 production, induced by IL-1beta, TNFalpha or EGF, was strongly reduced by the presence of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone
Alexander et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : The components of this MAP kinase pathway in the TM are dramatically affected by TNFalpha and inhibition of Erk 's phosphorylation blocks the changes in MMP and TIMP expression
Hirata et al., Biol Reprod 2003 : Membrane type-1 MMP mRNA expression in the stromal cells was augmented by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) , IL-6, HGF, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
Lee et al., J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 (Asthma...) : These results suggest that MMP inhibitors regulate inflammatory cell migration by reducing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and possibly also by suppressing IL-1beta, IL-4, and TNF-alpha expression
Bamba et al., J Gastroenterol 2003 : In human colonic SEMFs, MMP-3 secretion and MMP-3 mRNA expression were induced by IL-17, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha
Liacini et al., Exp Cell Res 2003 : Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene expression by TNF-alpha is mediated by MAP kinases, AP-1, and NF-kappaB transcription factors in articular chondrocytes ... Inhibitors of ERK ( U0126, PD98059, and ERK1/2 antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide ), JNK ( SB203580, SP600125, and curcumin ), and p38 ( SB203580 and SB202190 ) pathways down-regulated the TNF stimulated expression of MMP-13 ... Inhibitors of the transcription factors AP-1 ( nordihydroguaiaretic acid, NDGA ) and NF-kappaB ( curcumin, proteasome inhibitors, and Bay-11-7085 ) suppressed TNF-alpha induced MMP-13 expression in primary chondrocytes and SW1353 cells ... These results suggest that induction of the MMP-13 gene by TNF-alpha is mediated by ERK, p38, and JNK MAP kinases as well as AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors
Wang et al., Cardiovasc Res 2003 : TNF-alpha mediates the stretch induced MMP genes expression, at least in part, through the JNK pathway
Pillinger et al., J Immunol 2003 : IL-1beta and TNF-alpha stimulated FLSC extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) activation as well as MMP-1 and -13 release
Hui et al., Arthritis Rheum 2003 (Osteoarthritis, Knee) : The in vivo data clearly indicated that OSM + TNFalpha overexpression increased MMP levels and decreased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 ( TIMP-1 ) ... Specifically, OSM + TNFalpha induced marked synovial hyperplasia, inflammation, and cartilage and bone destruction with a concomitant increase in MMP expression in both cartilage and synovium and decreased TIMP-1 expression in the articular cartilage
Moon et al., J Cell Physiol 2004 : Finally, the transient transfection of HASMC with dominant negative Ras ( RasN17 ) suppressed TNF-alpha induced ERK activity, MMP-9 production, and promoter activity
Kirkwood et al., J Int Acad Periodontol 2004 : In contrast, CMT-5 only inhibited PTH stimulated MMP-13 expression, with no effect on IL-1b or TNF-alpha stimulated MMP-13 expression
Meli et al., J Neuroimmunol 2004 (Disease Models, Animal...) : We investigated the pharmacokinetics and the effect of TNF484 , a water-soluble hydroxamate based inhibitor of MMP and TACE, on disease parameters and brain damage in a neonatal rat model of pneumococcal meningitis
Churg et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004 (Pulmonary Emphysema) : TNF-alpha causes increased MMP production, but some increased MMP activity is present even in TNFRKO mice
Dayer et al., Reumatismo 2004 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid) : IL-1 and TNF-alpha are potent inducers of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) , eicosanoids, nitric oxide oxydase ( iNOS ), receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( RANKL ), products involved in the destruction of the extracellular matrix, the cartilage and in bone resorption
Pillinger et al., J Biol Chem 2005 (Inflammation...) : In contrast, secretion of MMP-13 was stimulated by TNF-alpha/IL-1beta but not EGF and was Erk independent and mediated by p38
Kobayashi et al., Arthritis Rheum 2005 (Osteoarthritis, Knee) : Independent analyses of gene expression in cultured cartilage from 9 other OA patients revealed that IL-1 or TNFalpha blockade, either alone and/or in combination, frequently down-regulated MMP-1, MMP-3 , and MMP-13 expression
Bruce et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005 (Asthma...) : Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been shown to be an important cytokine in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammatory responses, and its release can be inhibited by MMP inhibitors
Ho et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2005 : We showed that both MMP-1 and MMP-13 mRNA expression, protein production and enzyme activity induced by either IL-1 or TNF-alpha were suppressed by t-RA or different retinoid derivatives
Liacini et al., Arthritis Res Ther 2005 : MMP-3 and MMP-13 gene expression induced by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-17 was downregulated by mithramycin in human chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells and in primary human and bovine femoral head chondrocytes
Rossa et al., Matrix Biol 2005 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : MKK3/6-p38 MAPK negatively regulates murine MMP-13 gene expression induced by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in immortalized periodontal ligament fibroblasts ... Mmp-13 mRNA expression induced by TNF-alpha was decreased by JNK and ERK inhibition
Shimizu et al., Mediators Inflamm 2005 (Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial) : We evaluated whether tranilast ( TR ) could inhibit MMP production from nasal fibroblasts in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation in vitro
Kim et al., Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006 (Arthritis...) : Induction of MMP-13 expression by soluble human glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor in fibroblast-like synovial cells
Krueger et al., J Biol Chem 2006 : In vitro, MMP-1 is up-regulated by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha , but these regulatory mechanisms are not operating in H. pylori infection as shown by inhibitory antibodies
Sondergaard et al., Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006 : TNF-alpha and OSM induced a pronounced increase in matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) activity, which was strongly inhibited by calcitonin
Pei et al., Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006 (Chondrosarcoma) : IL-1beta and TNFalpha strongly induced the expression of MMP-1 and -13 in SW1353 cells and HACs, whereas only TNFalpha was found to induce the expression of these two MMPs in JJ012 cells
Roy et al., Antioxid Redox Signal 2006 (Inflammation) : Pretreatment of HMECs for 2 days with BE potently prevented TNFalpha induced expression and activity of MMP-3, MMP-10 , and MMP-12
Chung et al., Curr Drug Targets 2006 (Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive) : TNFalpha and IL-1beta stimulate macrophages to produce matrix metalloproteinase-9 [ MMP-9 ], and bronchial epithelial cells to produce extracellular matrix glycoproteins
Fushimi et al., J Cell Biochem 2007 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : In response to TNF-alpha , MMP-1 is induced and actively released from HCS-2/8 cells
Lin et al., Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2006 : To investigate the regulatory effects of fenofibrate on TNF-alpha induced CD40 expression and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) activity in human vascular endothelial cells ( HUVECs )
Inatomi et al., Pancreas 2007 : In human pancreatic myofibroblasts, MMP-3 secretion and mRNA expression were induced by interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha, respectively
Zeni et al., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007 : Moreover, MMP activity in PCPEC supernatants was significantly increased by TNF-alpha , presumably due to a diminished expression of TIMP-3 that was similarly observed
Yoon et al., Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008 (Chondrosarcoma) : alpha-MSH inhibits TNF-alpha induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression by modulating p38 kinase and nuclear factor kappaB signaling in human chondrosarcoma HTB-94 cells ... The effect of alpha-MSH on TNF-alpha induced MMP-13 expression and mitogen activated protein kinases ' ( MAPKs ) activation were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis ... We found that alpha-MSH pretreatment inhibited TNF-alpha induced MMP-13 expression and p38 kinase phosphorylation in HTB-94 human chondrosarcoma cells ... TNF-alpha induced MMP-13 expression was not suppressed by extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) inhibitors ( PD98059 and U0126 ) or a c-jun terminal kinase ( JNK ) inhibitor ( SP600125 ), but was inhibited by inhibitors of p38 kinase ( SB203580 ) and NF-kappaB ( SN-50 peptide ) and dnIKKalpha and dnIKKbeta ... Our results suggest that alpha-MSH regulates TNF-alpha induced MMP-13 expression by decreasing p38 kinase phosphorylation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation in human chondrocytes and may be an effective inhibitor of MMP-13 mediated collagen degradation, providing new potential opportunities for the development of anti-arthritis therapeutics
Abeles et al., Arthritis Rheum 2007 (Rheumatic Diseases) : RASFs obtained from patients during elective knee replacement surgery were assessed by immunoblotting and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for secretion of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) , interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), statins, the farnesyl transferase ( FT ) inhibitor FTI-276 and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor GGTI-298, and prenyl substrates ( farnesyl pyrophosphate [ FPP ] and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate [ GGPP ] )
Yagi et al., J Gastroenterol 2007 (Colitis) : A similar augmentation was also observed in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induced cytokine and MMP secretion
Gamo et al., J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol 2007 : The effects of TNF-alpha on proliferation and MMP production of RES have been shown for the first time
Séguin et al., Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008 : The effect of TNF-alpha on membrane type (MT)1-MMP , an activator of MMP-2, was also assessed
Rogliani et al., Respir Med 2008 (Pulmonary Emphysema...) : In contrast, fibroblasts in areas of parenchymal destruction of emphysema/UIP expressed MMP-2, MMP-9 , MMP-7 and MT1-MMP at variable but significantly higher levels when compared to emphysema subjects, in the presence of similar levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TNF-alpha
Müller et al., Cytokine 2008 : TNF-alpha suppressed collagen type II and aggrecan, but increased MMP and cytokine expression in chondrocytes compared to the non stimulated controls
Asano et al., Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008 : We evaluated whether tiotropium bromide hydrate ( TBH ), a M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist, could inhibit MMP production from lung fibroblasts ( LFs ) in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulation
Cecil et al., J Immunol 2009 (Disease Models, Animal...) : However, CD36 transfection in normal human knee immortalized chondrocytes ( CH-8 cells ) was associated with decreased capacity of S100A11 and TNF-alpha to induce chondrocyte hypertrophy and ADAMTS-4 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression
Millward-Sadler et al., Arthritis Res Ther 2009 (Intervertebral Disc Degeneration) : TNF-alpha does not induce MMP expression to the same degree as stimulation by IL-1beta, but it does act to upregulate IL-1beta expression as well as TNF-alpha and TNF-R2
Konda et al., Journal of inflammation (London, England) 2009 : The inhibitory effect of RIAA on inflammatory markers was assessed by measuring nitric oxide in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, RANKL mediated TRAP activity in transformed osteoclasts, and TNF-alpha/IL-1beta mediated MMP-13 expression in SW1353 cells ... In addition, RIAA inhibited NF-kappaB mediated inflammatory markers in various cell models, including nitric oxide in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, RANKL mediated TRAP activity in transformed osteoclasts, and TNF-alpha/IL-1beta mediated MMP-13 expression in SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells
Steenport et al., J Immunol 2009 (Chronic Disease...) : Exposure of macrophages to MMP-1 and MMP-3 triggered the rapid release of TNF-alpha , which was blocked by MMP inhibitors
Awad et al., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010 (Cardiomyopathies...) : We identified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)gamma as a key factor in TNF mediated events since TNF induced superoxide production, MMP expression, and activity were significantly suppressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts deficient in PI3Kgamma
Murray et al., J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010 : While we have previously shown a role for cardiac mast cells in mediating increases in myocardial TNF-alpha, however, matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) activation of TNF-alpha may also be contributory
Lee et al., J Immunol 2010 : Notably, MMP-8 inhibitor suppressed TNF-alpha production more efficaciously than MMP-3 or MMP-9 inhibitors
Park et al., The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology 2011 : MMP inhibitors, such as doxycycline, minocycline, and batimastat, significantly reduced the cerebral infarct size, and the expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) , and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)
Ye et al., J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2011 (Intervertebral Disc Degeneration...) : The result showed that TNF-a increased the expression of ß-catenin and MMP-13 , and significantly inhibited the synthesis of type II collagen and proteoglycan, which resulted in the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells
Kular et al., Journal of neuroinflammation 2012 (Disease Models, Animal...) : In vitro, results based on cultured DRG neurons showed that siRNA mediated inhibition of NOV enhanced IL-1ß- and TNF-a induced MMP-2, MMP-9 and CCL2 expression whereas NOV addition inhibited TNF-a induced MMP-9 expression through ß1 integrin engagement
Moon et al., Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013 (Osteoarthritis, Knee) : Resveratrol dose-dependently inhibited TNF-a induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and PGE ( 2 ) production in human chondrocytes
Yamada et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2013 : The expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 , and MMP-9 increased in the presence of TNF-a , and the addition of infliximab reversed the increase ... Furthermore, infliximab effectively attenuated the TNF-a induced increases in MMP expression in cells that make up the BAB
Cornelius et al., J Invest Dermatol 1995 (Neovascularization, Pathologic) : Northern hybridization assays showed pretranslational control of PMA-, basic fibroblast growth factor-, and TNF-alpha induced MMP expression
Gearing et al., J Leukoc Biol 1995 : MMP inhibitors prevent the rise in blood levels of TNF after endotoxin administration in rats and are effective in animal models of inflammatory disease such as adjuvant arthritis
Rawdanowicz et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994 : Both interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated the secretion of MMP-1, MMP-3 , and MMP-9, but not MMP-2, from the cells in a concentration dependent manner
Ries et al., Blood 1994 (Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute) : Thus, MMP-9 secretion may be regulated by TNF-alpha not only in a paracrine but also in an autocrine fashion
Hanemaaijer et al., Biochem J 1993 : On the other hand, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not affected or were affected in a variable way by TNF alpha and/or phorbol ester, suggesting a dissimilar regulation of these proteins
Migita et al., Immunology 1996 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid) : In support of this result, TNF-alpha stimulation induced membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase ( MT-MMP ), a newly identified MMP-2-specific activator on synovial fibroblasts ... Cycloheximide analysis demonstrated that protein synthesis may be required for TNF-alpha mediated MT-MMP expression on synovial fibroblasts
Johansson et al., Cell Growth Differ 1997 : Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated activation of MMP-13 gene transcription by TNF-alpha maximally at the 2-h time point and by TGF-beta after 12 h of treatment
Johansson et al., Am J Pathol 1997 (Carcinoma, Squamous Cell...) : MMP-13 mRNA levels in SCC cells were enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha , transforming growth factor-alpha, and keratinocyte growth factor
Pender et al., J Immunol 1998 : Recombinant TNF-alpha and IL-1beta added directly to mucosal mesenchymal cell lines also caused an increase in MMP production, but only the former was inhibited by the TNFR-IgG
Mariani et al., Mol Biol Cell 1998 (Lung Diseases...) : Collagenase-3 induction in rat lung fibroblasts requires the combined effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 12-lipoxygenase metabolites : a model of macrophage induced, fibroblast-driven extracellular matrix remodeling during inflammatory lung injury
Uitto et al., Am J Pathol 1998 (Gingivitis...) : In these cells, MMP-13 expression at the mRNA and protein level was potently enhanced ( up to sixfold ) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha , transforming growth factor-beta(1), and transforming growth factor-alpha and by keratinocyte growth factor in the presence of heparin ... In these cells, MMP-13 expression at the mRNA and protein level was potently enhanced ( up to sixfold ) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha , transforming growth factor-beta(1), and transforming growth factor-alpha and by keratinocyte growth factor in the presence of heparin
Mentzel et al., Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998 (Arthritis, Reactive) : TNF-alpha increased the total MMP activity released
Knittel et al., J Hepatol 1999 : In general, TNF-alpha stimulated both MMP and TIMP expression of hepatic stellate cells, while TGF-beta1 induced TIMP expression only
Wassenaar et al., Clin Exp Immunol 1999 : This down-regulatory effect of CD40 engagement on MMP-1 and MMP-3 production by gingival fibroblasts was also present when MMP production was up-regulated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha or down-regulated by IFN-gamma