Schneiderbauer et al., Cell Signal 2004
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Stimulation of cells with TGF-beta1 and Type II collagen led to rapid phosphorylation of Smad2 and 3 with phosphorylation peaking between 15 min and 1 h. Combined stimulation led to a synergistic increase in the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3
Surmann-Schmitt et al., J Cell Biochem 2009
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Interestingly, BMP2 administration caused Smad protein phosphorylation and stimulated Col10a1 expression in all clones, but induced Col2a1 expression only in precursor-like cells